Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a serious condition that affects central vision, with millions of Americans at risk. Understanding treatment options is crucial for preserving sight and improving quality of life.
What is Wet AMD?
Wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels form beneath the retina, leaking fluid that causes swelling and distorts central vision. Unlike dry AMD, which progresses slowly, wet AMD can lead to rapid vision loss, making early diagnosis and intervention critical.
Around 10% of people with AMD develop the wet form, most commonly after the age of 60, though younger individuals with genetic risk factors may also be affected. Symptoms include blurry or distorted vision and dark spots in central vision. Early recognition of these symptoms is important for prompt medical evaluation.
Anti-VEGF Injections
The most common treatment for wet AMD is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections. Medications like ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea) work by inhibiting the growth of abnormal blood vessels, helping to preserve or even restore vision.
These injections are typically administered directly into the eye, starting with monthly treatments, followed by less frequent maintenance doses. Studies demonstrate their effectiveness, but continued treatment is required. Side effects, such as infections or increased eye pressure, are possible and should be monitored.
Laser and Photodynamic Therapy
Laser therapy is another treatment option for some patients. It works by targeting and sealing leaking blood vessels, which helps minimize further damage, though it is typically reserved for specific cases.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a light-sensitive drug with laser activation to selectively destroy abnormal vessels. Many patients report significant improvement after PDT, but its effectiveness varies depending on the disease's stage and individual patient factors.
Lifestyle Choices for Better Eye Health
While medical treatments are vital, healthy lifestyle habits can complement and enhance their effectiveness. A diet rich in leafy greens, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids is beneficial for eye health. Managing weight and controlling blood pressure can also help slow the progression of AMD.
Routine eye exams are crucial for early detection, while wearing UV-blocking sunglasses and quitting smoking can reduce risk factors. Regular physical activity improves overall health and may help slow the disease's progression.
Treatment Risks and Side Effects
While treatments for wet AMD are effective, they carry potential risks. Anti-VEGF injections may cause temporary discomfort, blurred vision, or, in rare cases, serious complications such as retinal detachment. Laser therapy can lead to scarring or temporary vision changes.
It is important for patients to work closely with eye care professionals to weigh the benefits and risks of different treatments, ensuring that decisions are tailored to their individual needs.
Conclusion
Although wet AMD presents significant challenges, several treatment options are available. Anti-VEGF injections are the standard approach, while laser therapy and PDT offer valuable alternatives. Supporting these treatments with a healthy lifestyle can further improve outcomes. With the right care and proactive management, individuals with wet AMD can protect their vision and maintain a high quality of life.