Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a progressive eye condition that can severely impair central vision. Millions of Americans face this risk, making it vital to understand treatment approaches that help preserve eyesight and maintain quality of life.
What is Wet AMD?
Wet AMD develops when abnormal blood vessels form beneath the retina, leaking fluid that leads to swelling and distorted central vision. Unlike dry AMD, which advances more slowly, the wet form can trigger rapid vision loss. This makes early detection and prompt intervention essential.
About 10% of individuals with AMD progress to the wet type, most often after age 60, though genetic predisposition can affect younger people. Symptoms may include blurry or warped vision and dark areas in central sight. Recognizing these signs early ensures timely medical care.
Anti-VEGF Injections
The leading treatment for wet AMD is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Drugs such as ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea) limit the growth of abnormal blood vessels, stabilizing or even improving vision.
These medications are injected directly into the eye, generally beginning with monthly sessions before moving to a maintenance schedule. While highly effective, treatment is ongoing. Risks such as infection, eye pressure increases, or discomfort must be carefully monitored by specialists.
Laser and Photodynamic Therapy
Laser treatment is another option, used in select cases to seal off leaking vessels and prevent additional damage.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a light-sensitive drug with targeted laser activation to destroy problematic vessels. Many patients experience meaningful improvements with PDT, though outcomes depend on disease stage and patient-specific factors.
Lifestyle Strategies for Eye Health
Medical therapies remain the cornerstone of care, but lifestyle choices can strengthen their impact. Diets rich in leafy greens, fresh produce, and omega-3 fatty acids are linked to better eye health. Maintaining a healthy weight and keeping blood pressure under control may help slow AMD’s progression.
Routine eye examinations are critical for early diagnosis, while UV-blocking sunglasses and quitting smoking reduce further risk. Physical activity benefits overall health and can also support eye wellness.
Treatment Risks and Side Effects
Though effective, treatments carry potential complications. Anti-VEGF injections may cause temporary blurred vision or mild pain, and rarely more serious issues such as retinal detachment. Laser therapy, on the other hand, may result in scarring or temporary vision changes.
Patients should consult closely with their eye care provider to weigh the risks and benefits of each option and tailor care plans to their individual condition.
Conclusion
Wet AMD is a serious challenge, but treatment options are available. Anti-VEGF injections remain the primary approach, with laser and photodynamic therapies offering alternatives in certain cases. Healthy lifestyle habits can further enhance outcomes. With proactive care and informed choices, people with wet AMD can safeguard their vision and maintain a fulfilling life.