Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a serious condition that impairs central vision, and understanding available treatments is crucial for preserving sight and improving quality of life.

Understanding Wet AMD

Wet AMD arises when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina, leaking fluid that causes swelling and distorts central vision. Unlike the slower-progressing dry AMD, wet AMD can cause rapid vision loss, making early diagnosis and intervention essential.

Approximately 10% of AMD patients develop the wet form, usually after age 60, though genetic factors can put younger individuals at risk. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision and dark central spots, emphasizing the importance of timely evaluation.

Anti-VEGF Therapy

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are the most widely used treatment for wet AMD. Drugs such as ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea) work by inhibiting the growth of abnormal blood vessels to preserve or restore vision.

Administered directly into the eye, these injections typically begin with monthly doses, followed by less frequent maintenance treatments. Clinical evidence shows significant improvements in vision, though ongoing therapy is required. Possible side effects include temporary discomfort, eye pressure increases, or infections.

Laser and Photodynamic Treatments

Laser therapy targets and seals leaking blood vessels, minimizing further damage, though it is generally reserved for specific cases.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a light-sensitive drug with laser activation to destroy abnormal vessels selectively. Many patients experience improvements, but results vary depending on the stage of the disease and individual circumstances.

Lifestyle and Eye Health

Complementary lifestyle practices support treatment efficacy. Diets rich in leafy greens, fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids promote eye health. Managing blood pressure, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly may slow disease progression.

Routine eye exams, UV-blocking sunglasses, and smoking cessation further reduce risk. These habits, combined with medical treatment, can optimize outcomes for patients with wet AMD.

Potential Risks

While treatments are effective, risks exist. Anti-VEGF injections may cause temporary vision changes or rare complications like retinal detachment. Laser therapy can result in scarring or transient vision changes.

Close collaboration with ophthalmologists ensures that treatments are tailored to the patient’s condition, balancing benefits and risks.

Conclusion

Wet AMD presents serious challenges, but multiple effective treatment options exist. Anti-VEGF injections remain the standard, with laser therapy and PDT serving as additional approaches. Coupled with healthy lifestyle choices, these treatments help patients maintain vision and overall quality of life.