Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a major eye disease that threatens central vision. Millions are affected across the U.S., and recognizing treatment options is essential to safeguard sight and improve daily living.

What is Wet AMD?

This condition arises when abnormal blood vessels form beneath the retina, causing leakage and swelling. The result is distorted or lost central vision. Unlike dry AMD, which typically advances gradually, wet AMD progresses quickly, so early recognition and medical care are crucial.

Around one in ten people with AMD develop the wet form. It is most common in older adults but can also appear in younger people with genetic predispositions. Symptoms such as blurred or warped vision and dark central spots should prompt immediate eye examination.

Anti-VEGF Therapy

The leading treatment is the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs. Medications like ranibizumab (Lucentis) and aflibercept (Eylea) inhibit abnormal vessel growth, enabling patients to maintain or sometimes regain vision.

Treatment involves direct eye injections, usually monthly at the beginning, with reduced frequency once the condition stabilizes. Clinical studies support their effectiveness, though long-term therapy is often required. Possible side effects include eye infections or increased pressure inside the eye.

Laser and Photodynamic Therapy

Laser therapy remains an option for selected patients. By sealing leaking vessels, it can minimize retinal damage, though its use is generally limited.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a photosensitive drug activated by a laser to selectively destroy abnormal vessels. For certain patients, PDT can deliver meaningful improvements, though results vary depending on disease stage and individual response.

Supporting Vision Through Lifestyle

Medical treatment is enhanced by healthy choices. Consuming diets high in leafy greens, fresh fruits, and omega-3 fatty acids supports retinal health. Managing weight and controlling blood pressure further help slow disease progression.

Routine eye exams are vital for early intervention. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection and quitting smoking reduce risk factors, while regular exercise supports both systemic and ocular health.

Risks and Side Effects

Although effective, wet AMD treatments are not free of complications. Anti-VEGF therapy may lead to short-term pain, temporary visual blurring, or rarely, severe events like retinal detachment. Laser procedures may cause scarring or temporary changes in vision.

Patients should work closely with ophthalmologists to assess benefits versus risks. Clear discussions ensure treatments align with each patient’s unique condition and lifestyle.

Conclusion

Wet AMD is a serious condition, but several effective therapies exist. Anti-VEGF drugs remain the first-line choice, with laser and PDT providing additional options. When paired with lifestyle improvements, these treatments can help protect vision and preserve independence for those living with wet AMD.